It should be noted that France and Sweden were also the countries with the highest contribution of nuclear heat to the gross available energy (40.7 % and 24.7 %, respectively). main fossil fuels) in gross available energy below 50 %: Estonia 12.2 %, Sweden 29.4 %, Finland 34.6 % and France 47.5 % (Figure 6). In 2021, only in four EU Member States was the cumulated share of solid fossil fuels, crude oil and petroleum products, and natural gas (i.e. The mix of fuels and their share in gross available energy in different countries depends on the natural resources available, the structure of a country's economy, as well as on the national choices in energy systems. The production of renewable energies followed a clear positive trend over the same period, with a 48.2 % increase, similarly to waste (non-renewable), which saw a 24.5 % increase.įigure 6: Gross available energy by fuel, 2021 The production of natural gas saw the sharpest decline (-63.1 %), followed by solid fossil fuels and oil and petroleum products (with a drop of 39.1 % and 36.0 %, respectively). Over the past decade (2011-2021), the trend in primary energy production was generally negative for solid fossil fuels, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy. Renewable energies accounted for the highest share in primary energy production in the EU in 2021 (40.8 %), followed by nuclear heat (31.2 %), solid fossil fuels (15.2 %), natural gas (6.4 %), oil and petroleum products (3.4 %), and non-renewable waste (2.3 %). The main exception is renewables and biofuels, which continued its long-term increasing trend (Figure 1).

However, they decreased from 2019 to 2021 (comparing with pre-COVID-19 pandemic period).

Primary production increased for most of the fuels from 2020 to 2021. Primary production of energy within the EU in 2021 accounted for 25 020 petajoules (PJ), which is 4.3 % higher than in 2020, but still lower than in 2019. However, solid fossil fuels did not increase sufficiently to recover to 2019 levels. Solid fossil fuels increased by 15.7 % in 2021, partially recovering after the lowest value ever achieved in 2020. Renewables already surpassed solid fossil fuels in 20, and gained further ground in 20. The contribution of renewable energy sources continued to increase. This was mostly due to an increase of activities after the COVID-19 pandemic. Both oil and natural gas increased by 5.3 % and 4.0 %, respectively in 2021 compared with 2020. Oil (crude oil and petroleum products) continued to be the most significant energy source for the European economy, despite a long-term downward trend, while natural gas remained the second largest energy source. Gross available energy in the European Union in 2021 increased compared with 2020 (+6.0 %). It provides trends for the main energy commodities for primary energy production, imports and exports, gross available energy and final energy consumption. This article provides an overview of the energy economy in the European Union (EU) in 2021, based on annual data from each Member State.

Per capita oil production by country